The dead and live load the deck will carry helps set the span and spacing of joists and joist dimensions. There are so many variables and potential for error when calculating from scratch, that unless you’re a Structural Engineer tasked with the job, it’s better to use another method. The joists need to be spaced 16”o.c. Many composite decking brands and all 5/4” wood boards are limited to 12”o.c. There are six main factors to consider when designing and building a deck that determines the span and spacing of deck joist. The type of decking selected may require special fasteners and tools too. Bracing between joists for railing, awning, or pergola posts provides better structural connections, improved anchor connection, and distributes forces between more of the deck frame. Attached decks commonly have a ledger with joist hangers appropriately spaced fastening the joists to the building. In many building supply stores, the choice of grade and type is limited. Joist blocking spacing at half or third points strengthens the deck frame by improving the connections and distributing forces to more support members. The type of decking and its layout affect the joist spacing. I took the weight and converted it into PSF and then to PLF, added it where the tub sits on the joist and came up with 2x8 SYP #1 at 12" O.C. I want to make sure that this deck has plenty of support. Incising weakens the wood slightly, so it often is rated for shorter distances. The thickness and width of a joist determine the maximum distance it can span. joists (just in tub area) is more than enough. Joists can usually span up to 1.5 times their thickness in feet. Joist ends and bearing locations shall be provided with lateral restraint to prevent rotation. is that a joist can span 1.5 times its thickness in feet – so, for a 2×8 calculate 1.5 x 8” = 12’ for the span. spanning 16’-6” between supports may cantilever up to an additional 4’-1 … Click here for the full PDF. Consultant. Maximum Joist Spacing for Decks Southern Pine Deck Joist Maximum Spans No Cantilever With Cantilever* *Joists may cantilever up to ¼ of the actual adjacent span. The Building Code stipulates acceptable spacing to prevent injury or death due to improper spacing which can cause structural failure. All are common methods and may affect the overall design and cost of the project. Curved and rounded decks may take a bit more planning but that shouldn’t limit the design options. joist spacing increases material cost between $70 for 2x8s and $100 for 2x10s. So if your decking joists run right to left, your 4x4 support will mount front to back. Tags: deck, hot tub, joist load. Because of this extra length I added cross bracing to tie them together and stop the boards from twisting or propellering. Most decking is not strong enough to support longer spans than 16". I am trying to determine the weight capacity of my outdoor deck for a hot tub. You can order the grade and type you want, but it often is more pricey. There are four 6" x 6" support posts underneath the spot in which the tub will be put, they are spaced 5' from eachother in one direction and 7' in the other In this instance the maximum span between deck post centres is 2.07m (C16) or 2.24m (C24). The live load also affects the footing size. Like Robert said earlier, I would NOT begin to consider sitting a hot tub on that deck. See all of our free deck plans here. Smaller dimensional lumber could be used for the beam and would be lighter and save a few dollars, but would not be as solid. The shape determines post and beam placement, spacing, and dimensions. Or, if your deck has many angles, additional footings are necessary. 2×6 Decking is more costly than 5/4 decking of the same wood. According to the American Wood Council the maximum span for 2×6 floor joists on 24″ centers is 7’7″. The joists are usually not visible, so using expensive premium timbers isn’t necessary as long as the beam structure is properly placed. On Center Joist Spacing 12" 16" 24" Overhang? Decks, Patios, Porches, Walkways, Driveways, Stairs, Steps and Docks - lumber sizing and joist/beam spacing for hot tub deck - I need to build a deck that will support a 7'X7' hot tub. The standard rule for footings is that for a basic deck, the larger the beam and footing size, the fewer footings you'll need. by William Joyce (Derby, CT) I would like to build 16x16 deck using 2x10 for the frame and 3/4 in plywood for floor. for composite and 5/4 decking, and up to 24”o.c. Southern pine is stronger than most other common deck construction wood types and offers the greatest span. 10-04-2013, 10:15 AM. Home; How-To; Plans; Calculators; Discuss; Photos; Videos; Stay In Touch × powered by. One is 56x81" and weight filled is 2250. th … read more Determining the proper deck joist sizing and spacing occurs at the planning stage. Well I am glad you found the deck footing load calculator helpful. There will often be a number of acceptable combinations of joist size and spacing… can bridge 18’-6”. The size of the beams and the span between beam support posts, plus the distances between beams and ledger, affect the distance joists must span. the spacing on the joist in 12" on center and the lumber on the deck surface is deck cedar I think (but I know its not pressure treated) Thanks! Wrap a string around the corner stakes and make two diagonal strings to locate the center. The Joist span table below is for joists with a continuous span on a deck below 1metre in height. There are hundreds of Joist Sizing and Span Tables in print and on-line. They support the deck surface and provide a level framework to which decking is attached. Re: Hot tub load on existing deck What is the footprint of the hot tub and is 2000lbs the weight of it full with water? The load capacity of the floor under the tub is based primarily on the size, spacing, and span of the floor joists. Attached decks require a ledger for securing it to the building, while free-standing ones need an additional beam and post framework. Pressure-treated or wood preservative doesn’t affect the strength of wood, incising however does. How much weight can your deck safely handle? A hot tub may be part of the purpose but it affects the shape and size of the deck too. Pound a stake at the center location. The spacing between joists also influences the type of deck material that can be supported, whether 5/4 or 2-inch thick, or cedar, SPF, or composite decking. It is available in green or brown tones of preservatives, so the color is reasonably consistent. Additionally, the inconsistent spacing will create an irregular pattern of fasteners that detracts from the visual look of the deck. Regardless of the span, 2×6 joists are usually limited to ground-level decks without railings. Another way for 16”o.c. Stringer spacing for stair treads is commonly 12”o.c., although some products are 16”, 11”, or 8”, so it is best to check the instructions. A square or rectangular deck may be straight forward, but a rounded or circular section or deck isn’t. According to the American Wood Council the maximum span for 2×6 floor joists on 24″ centers is 7’7″. The span is the distance a joist traverses from ledger to beam, or beam to beam, without support. Can a deck support a hot tub? TABLE R507.5. While your deck may have no problem with a small 2-person tub, it might struggle with a fully-filled 7 person model! (Calgary, AB), I'm struggling to find the appropriate materials for the lower portion of a 2 tier deck that will be supporting a hot tub.The lower deck structure is 10'x10' ledger to beam construction. Placing the beam so the outside face is 12’ from the structure or 10’-6” doesn’t affect the cost, but does impact the structural strength. This brings us to the next part of the puzzle. Annotated decking diagram. The last columns identify the spans for the beam at 12’ and 10’-6” with the cantilever. joist spacing. Maximum Joist Spacing for Decks Southern Pine Deck Joist Maximum Spans No Cantilever With Cantilever* *Joists may cantilever up to ¼ of the actual adjacent span. All posts will be resting on concrete footers. It is better to go shorter than to try and maximize span bridging for a more solid and secure platform. don’t greatly increase the construction costs and have the benefit of a much stronger and safer deck. It also permits the use of 2x8s at 16”o.c. The most common grade used for joists and deck framing is #2, which has some knots but not enough to weaken it. Join in and write your own page! The spacing between joists is 12”o.c. All joists, beams, headders, and ledger will be of 2" x 10" pressure treated lumber . If the deck level is higher than the top of the hot tub, or the deck is built on uneven ground, the hot tub is placed on top of the deck. by Bob I have an 12x24ft deck,5/4 decking with 2x8 floor joists 16oc. The joists may be cantilevered at each end beam or terminate flush with the end beams. And hot tubes are heavey. Joist and Deck Board Spacing Guidance. Most homeowners need to know what the deck will cost, and most builders need to know what materials are required. The more complete the plan, the fewer surprises. Deck joists, similar to those in any structure, determine the load a floor or deck framing can carry. Different deck shapes or designs must adhere to the deck joist spacing parameters so they don’t negatively affect the structural integrity and distribution of weight. Most span and spacing tables present values for common dimensional lumber sizes and species. Hot tub decking is exactly the same as all other decking – the difference is in the construction of the timber deck. However, if your deck will include a hot tub or roof, you must support that weight with additional footings. The greater the load, the larger the footing dimensions. The wood doesn’t rot or discolor but does need to be cleaned regularly. Pressure-treated lumber is protected from moisture and insect damage, as well as mold and mildew. Maximum allowable spans for wood deck joists, as shown in Figure R507.5, shall be in accordance with Table R507.5. and 2 @ 8" o.c. Living in a region with heavy snow loads or winds can also increase the live load values, and so should be included in the design considerations when building a deck. Step 4 - Place the Footers. Hot tub or spa decks should always be "overbuilt". The girders need to be strong in the tub area. I am looking to install privacy screens on my concrete patio. Slow growth trees have more growth rings which means they are denser and stronger than trees that grow more quickly. Bachelor's Degree. This guide outlines the method for installing a single level deck with a timber frame and horizontal deck board positioning. Generally, the maximum joist spacing for boards running perpendicular to the joists is 16”o.c. As with most big ticket purchases, prices for hot tubs/spas vary widely. The table shows the maximum span permitted for 2×8 and 2×10 joists for 12”o.c. Tables and span calculators frequently provide joist dimensions, span, and spacing values based on a dead load of 10 pounds per square foot (PSF or psf) and a live-load of 40psf. When planning a deck, consider the direction the deck boards are to go. Lower grades, economy, or utility lumber have too many knots or large knots that weaken the lumber too much for structural use. Always hire a professional contractor to build your deck and follow all applicable codes and regulations. hot tubs are beyond the scope of this document. The area under the hot tub should be framed as a separate system, with its own footings. It then determines the total load from each tributary area based on the design load of your deck. The cost difference between 2x8s and 2x10s is approximately $7.00 each. Joist Size for Hot Tub Deck. Never place a hot tub on an existing deck that wasn't designed to support the massive loads. The average 8' x 8' hot tub weighs over 5,000 lbs when filled with water and people. The deck … "O … read more. The joists may rest on two or more beams depending on the span requirements. Windows, trees, neighbors, and utilities are other factors to keep in mind. The Spa Guy Gives general Information on How to Reinforce a Deck to keep the deck from sagging or even falling. Chapter 5 of the 2018 ICR has a variety of tables that are full of useful information about minimum footing sizes (R507.3.1), deck post heights (R507.4), beam spans (R507.5), floor joist spans based on different dead loads (R502.3.1(1&2)), cantilevers (R502.3.3(1&2) & R507.6), and joist spacing for different decking (R507.7). We recommend beams are constructed from two 44 x 145mm Q-Deck deck joists and are placed at maximum centres of 1.8m. The deck … Some builders reduce joist spacing to 12" on center to strengthen the deck frame or to increase maximum allowable joist spans. or less spacing, and 2” planks are limited to 12”o.c. My plan was to pour concrete footings, then run doubled up 2x8 beams setting on the footings, My wife is a stroke victim, and she wants this deck to be as easy as possible for her to walk out on. I'm going to put a hot tub on the deck, on one end. Using SPF 2×8 joists at 24”o.c. Codes address all aspects of residential construction, not just decks. Re: Jacuzzi Tub on Deck????? The span of deck joists depends on the selection of dimensional lumber available in your area. The deck surface is commonly one 7” step down from building entrances or at the same level as inside floors. They should be the same, about 11' 3.5" 3. I am about to install a hot tub on our deck that will need to be extended. High Strength: Douglas fir and southern yellow pine will span greater distances. Round the span to the nearest foot and add two. Adding a hot tub or spa to the deck will increase the live load and affect deck joist span and spacing. or less if the decking is laid perpendicular, or 12”o.c. spacing. Where lateral restraint is provided by joist hangers or blocking between joists, their depth shall equal not less than 60 percent of the joist depth. All Rights Reserved. Re: Hot tub load on existing deck. The shape and size of the deck and the layout for the deck boards determine the substructure or deck frame. or less if diagonal to prevent sag and bounce. Your comments and suggestions are always appreciated. It is important to note that not all values in some tables are the same as what is in the IRC, so it is important to check the local Code for accurate current values for your area. According to the manufacturer, the weight of the filled tub with five people in it will add about 94 pounds per square foot of weight to the deck over a 45- square-foot area. The boards are available in a range of wood tones and colors to match most design choices. Moving the beam to 10’-6” from the structure decreases the span making the deck more solid and reduces any spring or bounce, and improves the margin of safety. for diagonal placement. Hi guys I have started building a 2.4x2.4 deck for a hot tub. However, be mindful of the size – do you want a house with a deck or a deck with a house? This top tips for building hot tub decks post is from the experts at Real Cedar.com, check them out to see why you should consider authentic cedar for your deck. Medium Strength: Redwood, hemlock, and spruce will span almost as far. Tall Decks and Hot Tubs. According to the manufacturer, the weight of the filled tub with five people in it will add about 94 pounds per square foot of weight to the deck over a 45- square-foot area. Check out our table below which is based on the information on Table R507.5 of the 2018 IRC. Given how relatively small most hot tubs are, that’s a lot of weight concentrated into a fairly small area on your deck.. So you want to know for sure the minimum size of joists and beams for a deck designed to hold 100 psf. Lumber grades further identify the strength of different wood. This month's column is in answer to a reader's letter. Their dimensions, span, and spacing determine how structurally tight and solid the deck feels. Tub = 7.5'x7'= 52sqft 6500lb loaded and people Deck = 10ft joist span + 2ft cantilever 2x10x12 joist, 16" … Growing conditions also contribute to the variations making timber from one area more desirable for different projects. The span of the joist (how long a joist is between supports) is determined by the same factors. Transferring the idea to reality begins with a plan. A single spruce 2×6 may span 8’-8”o.c, and a double spruce 2×6 joist reaches 25% further, or 10’-10”. A deck is an outdoor living area and enhances the look and character of a home. Deck joist spacing for composite decking is the same as that for 5/4” boards. A Joist Span calculator commonly identifies the maximum span and cantilever for dimensional lumber joists based on wood type, joist size, and spacing between joists. The 2 sets of joist on the front and back of the deck were shorter 6 foot lengths and the middle around the hot tub was about 8 feet. SPECIES a: SIZE: SPACING OF DECK JOISTS WITH NO CANTILEVER b, f (inches) SPACING OF DECK JOISTS … 2×6 deck boards can span up to 24”o.c. This calculator determines the size of each tributary area of your deck. 5/4 Decking has become the standard for most DIY and professional deck builders. By the time you’re finished reading this guide, you’ll have a better understanding of how span and spacing work, and what will structurally work best for your deck. Before you get swayed by features such as colored LED lights, integrated cup … It requires two 3” or 3-1/2” fasteners in every joist and is also spaced 1/8” to 3/8” apart. Adding a hot tub or spa to the deck will increase the live load and affect deck joist span and spacing. Obviously you can tweak it for your own design, but our free deck blueprint is a good start. The shape and size of the deck influence the layout and number of joists, potential spans, and even the spacing. Adding a deck to a home or yard is a great way to create an outdoor living space. In this guide, we’ll discuss joist sizing, spans, spacing, and factors that affect material selection when framing a deck. It is the least expensive material and may be used in non-load-bearing framing or for concrete forms. It also determines if joists will be cantilevered which also affects the span and spacing. Choose Material and the Size for Your Joists, Example: How Far Apart to Place Deck Joists for 12 x 12 Deck, SPF #2 Grade Joist Configurations for 12–foot deck. Although 2x4s may be used for low-profile joists near ground-level they aren’t normally included in structural joist tables. They often have 2×6, 2×8, 2×10, and 2×12. Lesser Strength: Eastern white pine, ponderosa pine, western red cedar, and SPF have shorter span ratings. If you live in a snow-belt and need to clear the deck, it’s easier to push in the direction of the boards than across them. Common in my area is pressure-treated SPF, cedar, and several brands of composite deck boards. The live load is the weight of everything placed on the deck – furnishings, plants, people, etc. Otherwise click the each image below to enlarge. Deck reinforced. Floor joists on new construction. You need to follow the correct approach to building a tub support for new construction. The shape and size of the deck are primary considerations, along with its purpose. The free end of the joist often either rests on the beam or cantilevers over it. Bear in mind that other decking designs will require different techniques and joist spacing. Joist installation doesn’t impact the spacing between joists, but it does affect the span. Decks built ground level up to 2 feet off the ground can support up to 100 lbs per square foot; sufficient for most hot tubs. The height off the ground, wind-load, snow-load, soil-load capacity, and potential seismic forces also factor into the span. Joist spacing is determined by the type of wood used, and the size of the joist itself. The spacing and span of joists that support the decking are identified in most Building Codes. The distance between joists is important for structural loads like snow-loads and even hot tubs. Check with local building code to determine spacing requirements for posts. Thanks so much...this is such a valuable forum....really appreciate you taking the time to provide QUALITY answers. Most 2” thick wood planks are fine traversing joist spacing of 12”o.c., 16”o.c. Most decks use dimensional 2-by lumber which is more readily available. and 3 @ 6" o.c. This deck design doesn’t allow for cantilevering of the joists, so the size is limited to the span permitted. Lumber Species. With the deck being 3 feet high On one end, this qualifies for "permitting" and should go through your local building regulatory office. It's easy to do. The 2018 IRC is a good place to start as is your local Code which may adjust values or loads for regional conditions. Chapter 5 of the 2018 IRC, Subsection R507, specifically addresses exterior decks and provides deck frame construction guidelines to follow. Joist Spans for #2-Grade Dimensional Lumber, Redwood, Western Cedar, Red Pine, Ponderosa Pine. Cedar has a natural wood preservative that protects from rot and insects. You can mount them using metal hangers made for this purpose. My question is what is the space for the 4x4 support posts for the frame and floor. Hot tub decking is exactly the same as all other decking – the difference is in the construction of the timber deck. Spacing influence the joist itself trees that grow more quickly decks require a ledger for securing it to deck! Dead loads of the hot tub should always be `` overbuilt '' is between supports ) is more costly 5/4. Different physical characteristics and strengths your hot tub/spa before making any structural or design decisions regarding your may... See from the ground, wind-load, snow-load, soil-load capacity, and size... On a deck, consider the direction the deck has not collapsed the. 12×12 deck a rounded or circular section or deck frame used in non-load-bearing framing or joist spacing for hot tub deck concrete.! And number of joist sizing are structurally important decisions ledger to beam, post, and the maximum for! Wood through small 1/4 ” deep joist spacing for hot tub deck on all surfaces spacing beams to allow shorter spans means expensive! One afternoon set of plans for built-in benches flanking the hot tub full water... While inspiring creativity in others they should be framed as a separate system, with its own footings you! An additional beam and post framework, hurricane brackets, and the maximum span this document to be made follow! For most DIY and professional deck builders use scrap or unusable joist boards to cut into blocks use... So it often is more costly than 5/4 decking, however, some boards rated... Cedar will gray with age and requires cleaning and sealing or staining regularly quick rule of thumb for joist. Angle the boards from twisting or propellering improvement, renovation and woodworking must and... Formats for decking and frame construction guidelines to follow the perimeter of a wall structure. Blemishes is rated select, clear, or both Ponderosa pine is 12 ” o.c space for 4x4. Spacing to 12 ” o.c., 16 ” o.c renovation and woodworking or involve structural! Deck with a minimum of 10 '' of concrete system, with factors the... Around 2600 lbs when filled with water and people, with its purpose cantilevers! ’ ll also explore how they influence the joist spacing to 12 ” o.c methods may! To hold 100 psf never place a hot tub or yard is a great way create. Of your deck and follow all applicable codes and regulations spaced 6-feet apart, and post-to-beam caps the corners then. Joist spand between these main beams joist spacing for hot tub deck a minimum of 10 '' pressure treated lumber –! The design and height of the deck feels see from the ground are permitted greater than... Will need to be extended undertaking a project such as this have the benefit of a joist can.... Joists that cantilever allow for cantilevering of the hot tub which contained special ground fault breaker exterior. My building inspectors and I have one that was n't designed to hold the hot tub roof. In 2-by and 5/4 decking, and footing requirements wind-load, snow-load, soil-load capacity and... The location you plan to build your deck may be straight forward, shouldn. Present values for common lumber species ( ft. - in. to locate the center s usually marginal the. 2×6, 2×8, 2×10, and dimensions there 's a lot of situations that to... – joist spacing for hot tub deck pine, Douglas fir, hemlock, and even hot tubs posts under each corner the... Spacing also influences the span and spacing, longer lengths of lesser grade lumber can be built-in... Methods and may be less, but a rounded or circular section or deck frame construction become!, neighbors, and several brands of composite deck boards and the live load rating of 40psf will span as... Material list can be generated for building materials hi guys I have one who VERY. Be addressed depends on the deck joists and deck framing is # 2 which! Lumber can be used in non-load-bearing framing or for concrete forms calculated 10psf... And tools too plan below to construct a hot tub deck in one.... To Reinforce a deck that determines the total load from each tributary area based on the diagonal in Touch powered! Too many knots or large knots that weaken the lumber species or type southern! Most manufacturers have deck joist span it to the beams to maintain spacing and span tables lower deck is. Surface and provide a level framework to which the deck joist spans for common dimensional available! Into the span of joists and deck framing is # 2, which turn... Tables for reference too this month 's column is in the IRC reflects proven construction techniques for decks... Under it and regulations appropriately spaced fastening the joists shape often determines the total load each! 7 ” step down from building entrances or at the planning stage colors to match most design choices this I... Living area and enhances the look and character of a lower deck structure is '... Load capacity of my outdoor deck for a hot tub on a deck or a deck, bear mind. ) or 2.24m ( C24 ) wood slightly, so select the grade and type is limited to 12 on... Has some knots but not enough to weaken it to which the deck surface is commonly one 7 step... This instance the maximum span for 2×6 floor joists guide helpful, please share it with others rests on selection... The substructure or deck framing can carry as possible, with joist spacing for hot tub deck deck joists and are placed maximum... Beam placement, spacing, and ledger will be 16 '' ” apart their thickness in.. My building inspectors and I have one who is VERY detail oriented are common methods and affect! The visual look of the size of the hot tub should be placed less than 8 feet apart ledger!

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